Every Man Should Know This: Testicular Self-Examination Can Save Life, Beat Cancer
By Dr Vinayak Maka
Testicular cancer is not very common, but it deserves careful consideration because it can act rapidly in nonseminomatous germ cell tumours, which are more virulent than seminomas. Testicular cancer is the most frequent type in men between ages 15 and 35 years, and the general population incidence is low, with roughly 1 in 250 men being diagnosed at some time in their lives. Testicular self-examination (TSE) is, however, important — as the cure rate is high with early diagnosis.
TSE is a powerful tool for early detection, empowering men to take an active role in their health. While definitive evidence proving a reduction in mortality directly attributable to TSE is still debated, the consensus within the medical community is that early detection dramatically improves treatment outcomes and overall prognosis. By becoming familiar with the normal anatomy and feel of their testicles, men can identify subtle changes that might otherwise go unnoticed.
The rationale behind TSE lies in the fact that testicular cancer often presents as a painless lump or swelling. Regular self-exams allow men to identify these potential warning signs before they become more advanced and potentially metastasise. This is particularly crucial given the faster growth rate associated with nonseminomatous tumours.
The recommended technique for TSE involves a simple, monthly routine. Ideally performed after a warm bath or shower, when the scrotal skin is relaxed, the examination involves gently rolling each testicle between the thumb and fingers. The goal is to systematically palpate the entire surface, paying close attention to any irregularities. Key things to look for include:
- Nodules or lumps: Any hard lump that is bigger than a pea should be suspicious.
- Enlargement or shape changes: Any notable increase in size or change of shape in either of the testicles necessitates further investigation.
- Consistency alterations: One must determine if the testicle is hardened or has altered in texture.
- Discomfort or pain: While testicular cancer is not typically painful, a few men experience a dull or heavy feeling of pain in their scrotum.
It is important to note that TSE is not a substitute for routine medical checkups. The examination by a physician, possibly including palpation of the testicles and even imaging studies such as ultrasound, is more inclusive. If abnormal findings are observed on a self-exam, immediate consultation with a medical provider is most important.
Beyond cancer detection, TSE can also promote awareness of overall testicular health. Men may incidentally discover other conditions, such as hydroceles (fluid accumulation around the testicle) or varicoceles (enlarged veins in the scrotum), which, while not cancerous, may require medical attention.
In the long run, TSE empowers men to take ownership of their health. Education and awareness raised will contribute to regular self-examination and dispel worries and misunderstandings about the process of TSE. While there is still an element of unpredictability in evidence-based research regarding TSE proving reliable benefits to mortality reduction, TSE presents possibilities for early detection and improved treatment entails its own promise. If we raise awareness around TSE and make men aware of what testicular cancer is and then encourage the practice of doing regular self-exams, we can contribute significantly to the chances of successful treatment and positive prognosis for men that develop testicular cancer.
Dr. Vinayak Maka, Consultant - Dept. of Medical Oncology, Ramaiah Institute of Oncosciences, Ramaiah Memorial Hospital.
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