Why May 1 Is Observed As Labour Day? All You Need To Know

Labour Day, celebrated annually on May 1, is a day dedicated to the working class and their contributions to society. Globally known as International Workers’ Day or May Day, it recognises the struggles and achievements of workers. In India, and particularly in Maharashtra, May 1 holds special significance for both historical and political reasons.

Historical background

The origins of Labour Day trace back to the labour union movement in the late 19th century, particularly the fight for an eight-hour workday. The movement gained momentum in the United States with the Haymarket affair in Chicago in 1886. Over time, May 1 became a symbol of workers’ rights and was adopted as International Workers’ Day across many countries, including India.

Labour Day in India

In India, Labour Day was first celebrated in Chennai (then Madras) on May 1, 1923. It was organised by the Labour Kisan Party of Hindustan and led by prominent leader Singaravelu Chettiar. This marked the beginning of a nationwide movement for workers’ rights and fair treatment. Since then, May 1 has been celebrated across states with rallies, awareness campaigns, and events highlighting labour issues.

Significance of May 1 in Maharashtra

Maharashtra observes May 1 not only as Labour Day but also as Maharashtra Day. This day commemorates the formation of the state of Maharashtra in 1960. After a long struggle demanding a separate state for Marathi-speaking people, the Bombay State was divided into Maharashtra and Gujarat. The official reorganisation came into effect on May 1, 1960, making the day doubly significant for the people of Maharashtra.

Celebrations and Observances

On Labour Day, various labour unions in Maharashtra organise marches, seminars, and cultural programs to highlight the rights of workers and push for better labour laws. It is a public holiday, and government offices, schools, and many private establishments remain closed.

Maharashtra Day celebrations include flag hoisting, parades, and official ceremonies in Mumbai and across the state. The dual celebration underscores the importance of workers while also honoring the state’s formation.

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