AI, robotics are transforming orthopaedic recovery
In an interview with Avneet Kaur, Dr Balvir Kumar, MS Orthopaedics and former Senior Medical Officer (SMO), Nawanshahr, shared insights into the most commonly-reported orthopaedic problems, emerging technologies in treatment and the persistent myths that surround orthopaedic care today. Dr Kumar, who has decades of hands-on experience in government and private healthcare sectors, offered a comprehensive perspective on how orthopaedic health is evolving and where the future lies.
What are the emerging trends in orthopaedic problems, especially among younger and more active populations?
Orthopaedic injuries among the younger and more active population are increasingly linked to high-velocity trauma. With the rising popularity of two-wheelers and a culture of speed, even in the narrow and busy streets of cities, accidents at speeds exceeding 100 km/h have become alarmingly common. These high-speed collisions often result in severe orthopaedic injuries, leading to higher rates of morbidity and mortality. The nature of injuries in such cases is far more complex, requiring intensive interventions and prolonged recovery periods
What are some of the myths about orthopaedic health and treatment? Myths and misconceptions continue to be a significant challenge, particularly in rural areas. A large section of the population still turns to quacks for ‘desi’ or traditional treatments for fresh fractures and chronic orthopaedic issues. By the time patients realise the complications and reach a qualified orthopaedic specialist, considerable damage has often already been done. Community awareness programmes must be held to educate people about the risks associated with unqualified treatments and the benefits of timely, professional medical care.
How have advancements like robotics, AI or regenerative medicine impacted orthopaedic surgery and patient recovery?
Advancements in technology, especially robotics and artificial intelligence (AI), have transformed orthopaedic surgery. Robotic assistance during surgery not only reduces the operative time but also minimises human error, leading to enhanced precision and better outcomes. AI has revolutionised diagnostics and treatment planning by offering quicker and more accurate assessments. These technologies have drastically improved patient recovery times and overall success rates. However, such facilities are currently limited to advanced tertiary care centers like PGI-Chandigarh and AIIMS-New Delhi.
Are there any groundbreaking treatments or technologies on the horizon that could significantly change how chronic orthopaedic conditions are managed or cured?
The management of chronic orthopaedic conditions, particularly osteoarthritis in older adults and rheumatoid arthritis in younger patients, has seen remarkable advances. Joint replacement surgeries for the knee, hip, shoulder and elbow are now widely practiced and highly successful. Additionally, corrective osteotomies — surgical procedures that realign bone structure — have proven to be very effective in treating malunited fractures. “With continuous research and development, we can expect even more minimally invasive and durable solutions in the near future.”
Could you describe a particularly rare or complex orthopaedic surgery you’ve performed and what innovations helped make it successful?
A challenging experience at the Sub-Divisional Civil Hospital in Garhshankar, Hoshiarpur, in 2004. Despite limited facilities, I successfully performed several cases of median and ulnar nerve repair— complex microsurgeries that are typically undertaken in highly specialised tertiary hospitals. Normally, nerve repair requires advanced magnifying microscopes and sophisticated equipment. However, with innovative techniques and meticulous care, I managed to achieve high success rates even in a resource-constrained setting.
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Jalandhar