Understanding brain tumours: Causes, symptoms & treatment

The human brain is a complex and intricate organ that controls various body functions, including movement, sensation, language and memory. However, like any other organ, the brain can undergo malignant changes, leading to brain tumours, which can arise from the brain itself, its coverings or the pituitary gland.

There are several types of brain tumours, including meningiomas, glioblastomas and pituitary ones. Meningiomas are tumours that form on the covering layer of the brain and constitute approximately 42 per cent of brain tumours. Glioblastomas are cancerous ones that arise from the brain substance, while pituitary ones affect the pituitary gland, which regulates hormone production and other essential functions.

Research has identified several causes and risk factors associated with brain tumours. Radiation exposure, whether therapeutic or diagnostic, has been linked to an increased risk of meningiomas. Overuse of CT scans and dental X-rays should be avoided, as they can increase the risk of developing brain tumours. Additionally, obesity and cigarette smoking are associated with an increased incidence of meningiomas.

The symptoms of brain tumours can vary depending on its type and location. Common symptoms include early morning headaches, diminution in vision, weakness of one side of the body, difficulty in speaking and late onset of epilepsy.

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in managing brain tumours. While meningiomas can be cured, pituitary tumors and glioblastomas require prompt treatment and meticulous follow-up. Regular follow-up is essential for patients with genetic predisposition to meningiomas or those who have undergone treatment for brain tumuors.

While some risk factors cannot be avoided, there are steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of developing brain tumours. Avoiding overuse of CT scans and dental X-rays, maintaining a healthy weight and quitting cigarette smoking can help reduce the risk of meningiomas. Additionally, hormonal manipulation by the use of oral contraceptives in females is associated with meningiomas, and this should be taken into consideration when making reproductive choices.

On a positive note, research has shown that the use of cellphones is not associated with brain tumours. This is reassuring news for those who use mobile devices regularly.

In conclusion, brain tumours are a complex and potentially life-threatening condition. Understanding the causes, symptoms and treatment options is essential for early diagnosis and effective management. By taking steps to reduce the risk and following a regular follow-up schedule, patients can improve their outcomes and quality of life.

Amritsar