Sovereign logic

Deepak Dwivedi

NEW DELHI: IN the aftermath of the Pahalgam attack, India has taken a bold and longoverdue step – suspending the Indus Waters Treaty with Pakistan. This is not just a policy shift; it is a recalibration of India’s strategic doctrine. Signed in 1960, an era far removed from today’s realities, the IWT was an act of remarkable generosity by an upper riparian India. It granted Pakistan near-exclusive rights over the waters of the Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab rivers that originate in Indian territory.

For decades, India honoured the treaty, even during full-scale wars and covert proxy conflicts, but the age of automatic magnanimity is over. The suspension of the IWT marks a decisive turn where cooperation is no longer unconditional, and dialogue not disconnected from deeds.

The Jhelum River, whose headwaters lie in India, flows directly through the region where Pakistan- backed militants gunned down Indian tourists in Pahalgam. That water, nourished by Indian glaciers and mountains, eventually sustains Pakistan’s economy and agriculture.

In return, what India receives is infiltration, radicalisation, and relentless bloodshed. The symbolism is stark – and so is the imperative. The Government’s decision to suspend the IWT is not an act of retaliation, it is an assertion of sovereign logic. The move comes after India ran out of patience.

When a treaty becomes a strategic liability and empowers a belligerent neighbour with economic lifelines while it continues to export terror, it ceases to be a diplomatic instrument and becomes a moral failure. It is important to understand that this suspension is not an arbitrary breach of international norms. Under the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, a fundamental change in circumstances, such as continued use of terror as state policy, provides legal ground for renegotiation or withdrawal.

India has exhausted the dispute resolution mechanisms under the IWT. Pakistan’s habitual misuse of arbitration panels and neutral experts to stall Indian projects has made the treaty unworkable. The Government’s move is morally correct, legally justified, diplomatically deliberate, and strategically astute. By suspending the Indus Waters Treaty, India is rewriting the rules of engagement. The message to Islamabad is clear: treaties require trust. When that trust is systematically eroded, the framework of cooperation cannot hold. If Pakistan wants the privileges of diplomacy, it must uphold the principles of peace. The days of onesided patience are over. This is a new doctrine: principled, powerful, and unapologetically Indian. It also sets a precedent for the broader region, signalling that India will no longer allow historical inertia to dictate present vulnerability. Whether it is trade, visas, culture, or water, reciprocity is the new baseline. It also reminds the world that sovereignty is not merely about borders, it is about resources, resilience, and refusal to be taken for granted.

The terrorists who struck in Pahalgam sought to destabilise the Valley. What they have done instead is awaken a deeper resolve. India has responded not just with weapons and diplomacy, but with the reassertion of control over its natural capital. Rivers, like nations, must flow with dignity and dignity cannot coexist with duplicity. As the Indus flows through the mountains of Kashmir and into the plains of Pakistan, let it now carry a message – not of hostility, but of hard realism.

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