World Thyroid Day 2025: Why are thyroid issues more common in women?

World Thyroid Day, observed on May 25, raises awareness about thyroid health and the impact of thyroid disorders. The day emphasises the importance of thyroid health. highlighting conditions like thyroiditis, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism that can affect metabolism, energy, and overall well-being. 

 

However, women are more prone to thyroid risks than men. Risks for women are 10 times higher than that of men. 

 

Thyroid risks for women are 10 times higher than men. Also, the thyroid gland can affect women in many ways. Several factors contribute to this including hormonal fluctuations, pregnancy, menstruation, menopause, lifestyle changes and so on. 

 

Regular thyroid screenings and awareness can help women identify potential issues early on, enabling timely interventions and better health outcomes. 

 

The role of the thyroid gland

 

The thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped gland at the base of the neck, plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, growth, and development by producing and releasing thyroid hormones (T3 and T4). These hormones influence nearly every organ in the body, including heart function, muscle control, digestion, and bone health.

 

Why are thyroid risks higher among women? 

 

1. Autoimmune responses: One of the main reasons for the higher risks is autoimmune responses. It is a state when the body's immune system starts to attack its own thyroid gland. Doctors attribute genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors to this.

 

2. Hormones: Estrogen hormones stimulate the growth of thyroid hormone. It also stimulates thyroglobulin, the protein produced by the thyroid gland. The levels of estrogen fluctuate in various phases--starting from puberty to menopause. Therefore, thyroid disorders can develop at any stage. 

 

3. Environmental factors: Lifestyle and environmental factors also add to the issue. Intake of iodine, following regular exercise, proper sleep, and avoidance of harmful substances including smoking can regulate the proper functioning of the gland. 

 

4. Genetic factors: The female chromosomal makeup is 46, XX, while males have 46, XY. It is believed that the genes responsible for thyroid diseases are located on the X chromosomes, making it more common among women. 

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