World Vitiligo Day: Breaking barriers of myth to open doors to treatment and social inclusion

In India, vitiligo affects an estimated 0.46 to 8.8 per cent of the population according to studies published in the Indian Journal of Dermatology, making it one of the countries with the highest prevalence globally. Despite affecting many, misconceptions about this autoimmune condition continue to cause unnecessary suffering.

What is vitiligo?

Vitiligo occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks melanocytes- the cells responsible for skin pigmentation. This results in characteristic white patches across various body areas.

Despite being medically benign and completely non-contagious, the condition carries a heavy social burden, particularly in traditional communities.

Dr Sai Lahari Rachumallu, Associate Consultant in Dermatology at Manipal Hospital, Bhubaneswar, often encounters patients who believe vitiligo stems from eating fish with milk, touching someone with the condition, or as karmic punishment for past sins. “Vitiligo is not a punishment. It is a condition that can be treated,” said Rachumallu.

The most pervasive myths:

Contagion and contact: Many believe this condition spreads through touch or proximity. This is scientifically false. Vitiligo cannot be transmitted from person to person under any circumstances.

Dietary causes: Traditional beliefs often blame food combinations, particularly mixing fish with dairy products. However, diet plays no role in triggering vitiligo.

Genetic inevitability: While genetics can contribute, Dr Priyanka Kuri, Consultant Dermatologist at Aster Whitefield Hospital, Bengaluru, points out that hereditary factors are present in only 10-30% of cases. Various triggers including vitamin deficiencies, thyroid disorders, and other autoimmune conditions can also contribute to its development.

Spiritual punishment: Perhaps the most damaging myth is viewing vitiligo as divine retribution or bad karma, leading to social ostracisation and delayed medical intervention.

The cost of misinformation

Patients often turn to unqualified healers, delay proper medical treatment, or face social isolation. Rachumallu said that individuals are even banned from social gatherings or confined to their homes, leading to anxiety, depression, and self-esteem issues.

Marriage prospects of individuals with vitiligo are often affected, as families fear passing the condition to future generations, despite the relatively low genetic component.

Treatment options:

Today’s medical arsenal includes topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors (which stop the immune cells from attacking cells responsible for pigmentation), phototherapy (exposing skin to ultraviolet light under controlled conditions), and occasionally surgical interventions. These treatments prove most effective when combined with family support and understanding.

Both doctors stress that addressing vitiligo requires treating not just the skin condition but also the social stigma. Also, while not curable, it can be effectively managed and in some cases, remission can be possible.

Community education, school awareness programs, and responsible media coverage can help shift perceptions. The journey toward acceptance begins at home, where compassion and accurate information can replace fear and superstition.

Understanding vitiligo as an autoimmune condition, rather than a source of shame, opens doors to proper treatment and social inclusion.

Health