Foxtail orchids under threat as habitat loss rises in Shivalik hills
The vibrant Shivalik hills of Himachal Pradesh are once again witnessing the spectacular spring bloom of the rare foxtail orchids—Rhynchostylis retusa. Adorning native mango trees with cascading spikes of pink and white, these mesmerising flowers are a seasonal wonder. Yet their beauty now comes with a warning: habitat loss and deforestation are placing them at growing risk.
Dr Jagdeep Verma, Assistant Professor of Botany at Sardar Patel University, underscores the urgency of the situation. “Foxtails are blooming across districts like Kangra, Mandi, Hamirpur and Sirmaur,” he notes. “But each year, their host trees—especially native mango trees—are declining due to road construction and a shift toward hybrid orchards.”
Locally known as Bhangru, foxtail orchids, along with their cousin Aerides multiflora, are epiphytic—relying on other trees for support without harming them. Their dramatic flower clusters resemble a fox’s tail, making them one of the most striking floral displays in the lower Himalayas.
“These orchids aren’t parasites,” Dr Verma explains. “But the loss of native trees, their natural anchors, is putting them in danger.” The Shivalik region, rich in epiphytes, is part of Himachal’s diverse orchid heritage, which includes 88 recorded species. However, like much of India—which houses over 1,300 orchid species—this biodiversity faces increasing threats.
India remains underrepresented in the global orchid trade, but experts believe this can change. Dr. Verma emphasizes the orchids’ dual potential: “They hold both ecological and economic value. With proper conservation and awareness, foxtails can be sustainably cultivated, supporting livelihoods through floriculture.” Beyond Himachal, Rhynchostylis retusa is culturally significant—it is Assam’s state flower, known as Kopou Phul, and features in traditional Bihu celebrations.
As native mango trees continue to vanish, the future of these enchanting orchids hangs in the balance. Botanists and conservationists are calling for immediate action to protect host trees and promote sustainable practices, ensuring that the foxtail orchid’s springtime magic does not fade from the Himalayan landscape.
Himachal Tribune